What landlords need to know about EPCs
June 25, 2025
If you’re a landlord renting out your property in England or Wales, you need an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). It’s a legal requirement and also a useful way for tenants to understand the running costs of your property.
This article explains what EPCs are, what they mean for you as a landlord, and what steps to take to stay compliant, so you can avoid penalties and stay ahead of future regulatory changes.
What is an EPC?
An EPC (Energy Performance Certificate) shows how energy-efficient your property is. It gives your property a rating from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient), similar to the labels you see on fridges or washing machines. This gives potential tenants a rough idea of how much it’ll cost to heat and power the property.
The certificate includes:
An estimate of energy efficiency and environmental impact
Stepped ratings (A to G) and a score out of 100 - the higher the better
Potential savings from efficiency improvements
The assessor’s details
Contact information for complaints
An accredited energy assessor needs to visit your property in person to produce the certificate. Here is an example certificate.
Do landlords need one?
Yes. Since 2018, all rental properties in England and Wales must have an EPC with a rating of E or better before they’re rented out. There are a few exemptions, but unless you’ve registered one officially, the rule applies.
You also need to give a copy of the EPC to potential tenants during the viewing stage and definitely before any tenancy agreement is signed.
In England, you can’t serve a valid Section 21 notice unless your tenant received a copy of the EPC before moving in.
In Scotland, EPCs must be displayed visibly in the property (usually near the boiler or meter cupboard). The EPC format looks slightly different but still uses the A–G rating and letting agents and landlords are legally required to have an EPC in place before marketing a property. You’ll also need to include the EPC rating in any property advert.
In Northern Ireland, EPCs are also required before marketing a rental property. The rules mirror those in England & Wales including the 10-year validity, minimum rating of E, and requirement to provide the EPC to tenants before signing. You can book an EPC via the Northern Ireland Energy Performance of Buildings Register.
A few quick rules to know
Each property needs its own EPC
You must have a valid EPC before you market your property or you risk a fine.
No EPC needed if you have a lodger living with you.
Where to get an EPC?
You’ve got a few options:
Local energy assessor – This is often the cheapest, but you'll need to do some research.
Letting agent – This can be the most convenient, but often this is pricier option.
Online providers – These are easy to use and usually represent good value.
Wherever you book from, always check the assessor is accredited. Look for providers linked to schemes like Elmhurst, Stroma, or Quidos.
How much does an EPC cost?
Expect to pay around £65–£85 for a standard EPC, although prices vary by location. Some agents quote higher, but you can often find better deals by shopping around or going direct to online suppliers.
How long does an EPC last?
An EPC is valid for 10 years. You only need to renew it if:
You’re putting the property on the market again to rent or sell, and
The most recent EPC is over 10 years old.
You can choose to update it sooner, especially if you’ve made improvements that could boost your rating. But there is no need to renew just because a new tenant is moving in, unless the EPC has expired.
What happens during an EPC inspection?
The assessor will:
Visit your property
Check room sizes, layout, insulation, heating, and lighting
Access the boiler, loft, and all rooms
It typically takes around an hour for a standard 3-bed home. After that, you’ll get your EPC report, along with a list of suggested energy improvements if needed.
What if my property doesn’t meet the minimum standard?
You can’t legally let a property with a rating below E unless:
You’ve made all improvements possible up to a £3,500 cost cap (inc. VAT)
You’ve registered an official exemption
If the EPC recommends improvements and your rating is F or G, you’ll need to act or stop letting the property until it meets the minimum standard.
Looking ahead to the minimum C rating by 2030?
Labour has proposed raising the bar to a minimum C rating by 2030. It’s not law yet, but it’s something many landlords are already preparing for, especially if major upgrades may be needed.
How to improve your EPC rating
Some of the most common and cost-effective upgrades include:
Loft insulation
Cavity wall insulation
Low-energy lighting
Thermostatic radiator valves
Double glazing
Not all homes will need all of these, but even small changes can help improve your score.
What happens if I don’t have a valid EPC?
You could face:
A £200 fine for not providing an EPC during marketing or before a tenancy starts
Up to £4,000 if your property doesn’t meet the minimum E rating standard
Finally, do remember that no EPC means no valid Section 21 notice. If you need to evict tenants, your right to will depend on having a valid certificate.
Disclaimer: This article is a guide and not intended to be relied upon as legal or professional advice, or as a substitute for it. August does not accept any liability for any errors, omissions or misstatements contained in this article. Always speak to a suitably qualified professional if you require specific advice or information.
