Residential property
A residential property is any dwelling let to a tenant to live in as their home, in return for rent. From a landlord perspective, the term matters because once a property is “residential” it pulls you into a tighter legal framework, including the occupant gains rights, including quiet enjoyment and you take on ongoing duties around safety, condition and management, whether or not your tenancy agreement spells them out.
Residential property can be a house, flat, studio, or a single room let as a tenancy and sometimes a licence where the occupier is a lodger living in your own home. What you call the arrangement is less important than how it works in practice, including who lives there, whether it’s their only or main home, and what rights you’ve granted. Those details affect which rules apply for written notice, rent increases, and ending the tenancy.
Condition and safety are the big landlord obligations. Under Section 11 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985, you must keep the structure and exterior in repairs and keep key installations covering water, gas, electrics, sanitation, heating and hot water working properly. The Act also anticipates access at reasonable times with at least 24 hours’ written notice to inspect or carry out repairs, while still respecting quiet enjoyment.
If you don’t manage hazards, the local housing authority can enforce using HHSRS, including an improvement notice, prohibition order or emergency action.
From 1 May 2026 in England, the Renters’ Rights Act changes the operating model for residential property letting: most tenancies move to an open-ended periodic tenancy as an assured tenancy, and Section 21 notice is abolished, so possession relies on Section 8 notice and specific grounds for possession. The Act also introduces a Private Rented Sector Ombudsman and a Private Rented Sector Database, alongside higher standards expectations, including the Decent Homes Standard via phased implementation.
Note: these reforms apply to England. Rules differ in Scotland, Wales (Rent Smart Wales) and Northern Ireland.
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